Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Dr. Colleen St. Clair and Dr. Howie Harshaw for their contributions to this project, as well as all those who have previously contributed to the work of the Edmonton Urban Coyote Project.
References
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Esri Inc. 2019. ArcGIS Pro (Version 2.4.2). Esri Inc. https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/.
Fox CH, 2006. Humans and coyotes: can we coexist? Proc 22nd Vertebrate Pest Conference University of California Davis. p. 287-293.
Gese EM, Morey PS, Gehrt SD, 2012. Influence of the urban matrix on space use of coyotes in the Chicago metropolitan area. Journal of Ethology 30:413-425. doi: 10.1007/s10164-012-0339-8.
Gehrt SD, Anchor C, White LA, 2009. HOME RANGE AND LANDSCAPE USE OF COYOTES IN A METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE: CONFLICT OR COEXISTENCE? Journal of Mammalogy 90:1045-1057. doi: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-277.1.
Gompper ME, 2002. Top carnivores in the suburbs? Ecological and conservation issues raised by colonization of north-eastern North America by coyotes. Bioscience 52:185-190. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0185:tcitse]2.0.co;2.
Grubbs SE, Krausman PR, 2009. USE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE BY COYOTES. Southwestern Naturalist 54:1-12. doi: 10.1894/mlk-05.1.
Lischka SA, Teel TL, Johnson HE, Reed SE, Breck S, Carlos AD, Crooks KR, 2018. A conceptual model for the integration of social and ecological information to understand human-wildlife interactions. Biological Conservation 225:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.06.020.
Lukasik VM, Alexander SM, 2011. Human–Coyote Interactions in Calgary, Alberta. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 16:114-127. doi: 10.1080/10871209.2011.544014.
Madden F, 2004. Creating Coexistence between Humans and Wildlife: Global Perspectives on Local Efforts to Address Human–Wildlife Conflict. Human dimensions of wildlife. p. 247-257.
Mowry CB, Lee A, Taylor ZP, Hamid N, Whitney S, Heneghen M, Russell J, Wilson LA, 2020. Using community science data to investigate urban Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Human Dimensions of Wildlife:16. doi: 10.1080/10871209.2020.1806415.
Murray M, Cembrowski A, Latham ADM, Lukasik VM, Pruss S, St Clair CC, 2015a. Greater consumption of protein-poor anthropogenic food by urban relative to rural coyotes increases diet breadth and potential for human-wildlife conflict. Ecography 38:1235-1242. doi: 10.1111/ecog.01128.
Murray M, Edwards MA, Abercrombie B, St Clair CC, 2015b. Poor health is associated with use of anthropogenic resources in an urban carnivore. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological
Sciences 282:8. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0009.
Murray MH, St Clair CC, 2017. Predictable features attract urban coyotes to residential yards. Journal of Wildlife Management 81:593-600. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.21223.
Nation PN, St Clair CC, 2019. A Forensic Pathology Investigation of Dismembered Domestic Cats: Coyotes or Cults? Veterinary Pathology 56:444-451. doi: 10.1177/0300985819827968.
Nyhus PJ, 2016. Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence. In: Gadgil A, Gadgil TP, editors. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol 41 Palo Alto: Annual Reviews. p. 143-171.
Poessel SA, Breck SW, Gese EM, 2016. Spatial ecology of coyotes in the Denver metropolitan area: influence of the urban matrix. Journal of Mammalogy 97:1414-1427. doi: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw090.
Poessel SA, Breck SW, Teel TL, Shwiff S, Crooks KR, Angeloni L, 2013. Patterns of human-coyote conflicts in the Denver Metropolitan Area. Journal of Wildlife Management 77:297-305. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.454.
R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
Weckel ME, Mack D, Nagy C, Christie R, Wincorn A, 2010. Using Citizen Science to Map Human-Coyote Interaction in Suburban New York, USA. Journal of Wildlife Management 74:1163-1171. doi: 10.2193/2008-512.
White LA, Gehrt SD, 2009. Coyote Attacks on Humans in the United States and Canada. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. p. 419-432.
Wine S, Gagne SA, Meentemeyer RK, 2015. Understanding Human-Coyote Encounters in Urban Ecosystems Using Citizen Science Data: What Do Socioeconomics Tell Us? Environmental Management 55:159-170. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0373-0.
Esri Inc. 2019. ArcGIS Pro (Version 2.4.2). Esri Inc. https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/.
Fox CH, 2006. Humans and coyotes: can we coexist? Proc 22nd Vertebrate Pest Conference University of California Davis. p. 287-293.
Gese EM, Morey PS, Gehrt SD, 2012. Influence of the urban matrix on space use of coyotes in the Chicago metropolitan area. Journal of Ethology 30:413-425. doi: 10.1007/s10164-012-0339-8.
Gehrt SD, Anchor C, White LA, 2009. HOME RANGE AND LANDSCAPE USE OF COYOTES IN A METROPOLITAN LANDSCAPE: CONFLICT OR COEXISTENCE? Journal of Mammalogy 90:1045-1057. doi: 10.1644/08-mamm-a-277.1.
Gompper ME, 2002. Top carnivores in the suburbs? Ecological and conservation issues raised by colonization of north-eastern North America by coyotes. Bioscience 52:185-190. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0185:tcitse]2.0.co;2.
Grubbs SE, Krausman PR, 2009. USE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE BY COYOTES. Southwestern Naturalist 54:1-12. doi: 10.1894/mlk-05.1.
Lischka SA, Teel TL, Johnson HE, Reed SE, Breck S, Carlos AD, Crooks KR, 2018. A conceptual model for the integration of social and ecological information to understand human-wildlife interactions. Biological Conservation 225:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.06.020.
Lukasik VM, Alexander SM, 2011. Human–Coyote Interactions in Calgary, Alberta. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 16:114-127. doi: 10.1080/10871209.2011.544014.
Madden F, 2004. Creating Coexistence between Humans and Wildlife: Global Perspectives on Local Efforts to Address Human–Wildlife Conflict. Human dimensions of wildlife. p. 247-257.
Mowry CB, Lee A, Taylor ZP, Hamid N, Whitney S, Heneghen M, Russell J, Wilson LA, 2020. Using community science data to investigate urban Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Human Dimensions of Wildlife:16. doi: 10.1080/10871209.2020.1806415.
Murray M, Cembrowski A, Latham ADM, Lukasik VM, Pruss S, St Clair CC, 2015a. Greater consumption of protein-poor anthropogenic food by urban relative to rural coyotes increases diet breadth and potential for human-wildlife conflict. Ecography 38:1235-1242. doi: 10.1111/ecog.01128.
Murray M, Edwards MA, Abercrombie B, St Clair CC, 2015b. Poor health is associated with use of anthropogenic resources in an urban carnivore. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological
Sciences 282:8. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0009.
Murray MH, St Clair CC, 2017. Predictable features attract urban coyotes to residential yards. Journal of Wildlife Management 81:593-600. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.21223.
Nation PN, St Clair CC, 2019. A Forensic Pathology Investigation of Dismembered Domestic Cats: Coyotes or Cults? Veterinary Pathology 56:444-451. doi: 10.1177/0300985819827968.
Nyhus PJ, 2016. Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence. In: Gadgil A, Gadgil TP, editors. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Vol 41 Palo Alto: Annual Reviews. p. 143-171.
Poessel SA, Breck SW, Gese EM, 2016. Spatial ecology of coyotes in the Denver metropolitan area: influence of the urban matrix. Journal of Mammalogy 97:1414-1427. doi: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw090.
Poessel SA, Breck SW, Teel TL, Shwiff S, Crooks KR, Angeloni L, 2013. Patterns of human-coyote conflicts in the Denver Metropolitan Area. Journal of Wildlife Management 77:297-305. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.454.
R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
Weckel ME, Mack D, Nagy C, Christie R, Wincorn A, 2010. Using Citizen Science to Map Human-Coyote Interaction in Suburban New York, USA. Journal of Wildlife Management 74:1163-1171. doi: 10.2193/2008-512.
White LA, Gehrt SD, 2009. Coyote Attacks on Humans in the United States and Canada. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. p. 419-432.
Wine S, Gagne SA, Meentemeyer RK, 2015. Understanding Human-Coyote Encounters in Urban Ecosystems Using Citizen Science Data: What Do Socioeconomics Tell Us? Environmental Management 55:159-170. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0373-0.